The same lessons are being learnt in a different context, that of financial services for the very poor. In the 1970s, pioneers in Latin America and Bangladesh – most famously Muhammad Yunus of Grameen Bank – demonstrated the importance of affordable credit for the poor, and discovered that poor borrowers could reliably repay loans. The early experiments grew into a worldwide microcredit movement.
信貸危機提供了一系列關于金融服務重要性的令人不快的教訓。第一個教訓是信貸方面的:我們開始意識到,我們并不總是能夠將透支拖延下去,或以低廉的價格為抵押貸款進行再融資。在北巖銀行(Northern Rock)門外排起長隊之時,第二個教訓是儲蓄方面的:沒有經濟學鐵律規定,你儲蓄賬戶里的資金是百分之百安全的。去年9月,我們這些還在透過指縫查看金融消息的人學到了第三個教訓——關于支付體系本身的:你簽發的支票可能跳票,這已不再是不可想象的,不是因為你賬戶中沒錢,而是因為你的銀行沒錢。
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