Very few of us remember globalisation in retreat: the last great wave of globalisation swelled in the late 19th century and broke spectacularly with the onset of the first world war. After a rash of protectionism, the great depression and the second world war, the process of expanding trade (and cross-border investment and the flow of ideas and of people) resumed and has continued ever since.
現在,一些經濟學家在懷疑,本輪全球化浪潮是否也即將破滅?問題主要不在于多哈回合貿易談判反復上演的鬧劇,也不在于美國的保護主義——盡管二者都毫無助益——而是油價對于全球船運成本的影響。雖然油價在過去幾個月有所回落,但仍難以用低水平來形容。如果像預期的那樣,國際海事組織(International Maritime Organisation)禁止集裝箱船使用價格相對低廉價格相對低廉、不那么清潔的燃油,船運成本也許會進一步上升。
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