Global labour shortages have left companies around the world and across sectors struggling to fill vacancies. In the past two years, supply has been hit by the Great Resignation, as workers leave jobs in striking numbers, and a lack of migration because of travel restrictions.

But what are companies worldwide doing to fill labour gaps? Common responses include raising wages and increased investment in technology that allows staff to spend more time on fulfilling work.

Japan was grappling with an ageing population and low birth rates before the pandemic. Its population is the oldest in the world, with 29 per cent aged 65 or older. There are shortages across sectors, with a particular pressure on nursing as the national workforce shrinks and more people need care. The health ministry said in July that nearly 690,000 additional nurses would be required by 2040 to meet rising demand. But nearly 60 per cent of nursing homes say there is already a shortage, according to a survey conducted by an industry advisory group.